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On 19 November 1911, a cyclone touched land in Western Australia when it had a minimum pressure of 965 hPa.[1]
A long-lived weak cyclone formed in the Gulf of Carpenteria on 3 January, and made landfall with a pressure of 996 hPa.[1][2]
On 4 January 1911 a cyclone affected the Pilbara coast between Cossack and Onslow. The Glenbank was wrecked off Legendre Island with the loss of all but one of its crew. The cyclone crossed near Mardie station where nearly every outbuilding was levelled to the ground and 6000-gallon tanks were blown away.[3]
This cyclone affected Queensland.[1]
Cyclone 5 crossed the Cape York Peninsula.
This cyclone approached the Queensland coast near Townsville, Australia, but took a sharp turn away from the coast on 22 March.
The cyclone came ashore between Cape Upstart and Cape Bowling Green. The ship 'Yongala' was completely destroyed, with the loss of all 120 people on board.[1]
This cyclone crossed the coast just west of Balla Balla near Port Hedland and claimed well over 150 lives. It is almost certainly Australia's worst weather-related maritime disaster since Federation with the loss of the coastal steamer Koombana.[2][3]
| Wettest tropical cyclones in Australia |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Precipitation | Storm | Location | ||
| Rank | (mm) | (in) | ||
| 1 | 1947 | 76.65 | Peter 1979 | Mt. Bellenden Ker[4] |
| 2 | 1870 | 73.62 | Rona-Frank 1999 | Mt. Bellenden Ker[4] |
| 3 | 1411 | 55.55 | Mackay Cyclone 1918 | Mackay |
| 4 | 1318 | 51.89 | Wanda 1974 | Mt. Glorious[5] |
| 5 | 927 | 36.50 | April 1898 cyclone | Whim Creek[6] |
| 6 | 907 | 35.71 | Feb. 1893 cyclone | Crohamhurst[5] |
| 7 | 900 | 35.43 | Feb 1954 cyclone | Springbrook[5] |
| 8 | 759 | 29.88 | Grace 2004 | Topaz[7] |
| 9 | 747 | 29.40 | Neville 1992 | Garden Point[8] |
| 10 | 732 | 28.81 | Carlos 2011 | Darwin[9] |
The 1918 Mackay cyclone struck the city of Mackay, Queensland, Australia on 21 January 1918. It remains one of the most destructive cyclones to strike a populated centre in Australia.
The eye of the storm passed to the north of the city just after sunrise. During the height of the storm, barometric pressure was recorded at 932.6 hPa, one of the lowest recordings in Australia. However, the pressure was probably a lot lower, as the barometer would not go beyond 932.6 hPa, and the eye of the storm did not cross directly over Mackay where the measurement was taken. The meteorologist at the time stated that the barometer was at its maximum low reading for at least 30 minutes before the cyclone moved inland and away, allowing the pressure to finally rise. Few buildings in the centre of Mackay escaped without significant structural damage. The accompanying storm surge resulted in a sea-level-rise of 2.36 metres above the highest spring tide level, with one witness later recalling waves of 2–3 metres breaking in the main street.
Communication links into Mackay were destroyed. The outside world did not learn of the Mackay cyclone until five days after impact, leading to some speculation the city had been completely destroyed.
Record amounts of rainfall were recorded in Mackay, the totals to 9 a.m. are as follows:
The rainfall resulted in the Pioneer River's highest flood level at the time, which took 2 weeks to subside.
Damage wasn't limited to Mackay. In Rockhampton, over 350 km south of Mackay, houses lost their roofs and solid jacaranda trees were uprooted. Extensive structural damage was also reported in Yeppoon and Mount Morgan. Rainfall associated with the cyclonic system was responsible for the big Rockhampton Flood of 1918 in February.
A total of thirty people perished in the disaster, including two in Rockhampton and another in Yeppoon.
The 1918 Innisfail cyclone made landfall in the area around Innisfail, Queensland, Australia on 10 March 1918. It was more severe than the earlier Mackay storm. Only 12 houses survived being unroofed or totally destroyed. Damage was also sustained in Cairns, 100 km to the north, and inland to the Atherton Tableland. A 3.6m storm surge was experienced to the south at Mission Beach. 37 people were killed in Innisfail, and an estimated 40 to 60 more in outlying areas. The lowest pressure recorded was 926hPa, but again, damage to recording equipment meant that no accurate minimum for the storm's center survived. Estimates place the figure below 910hPa.[10]
Following this destruction, the area experienced a period of prosperity in the local agricultural industries. This led to the construction of many buildings in a grand art-deco style.
Pre-1970 Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone seasons